转：
if (!-e $request_filename)
{ rewrite "^/index\.html" /index.php last;rewrite "^/category$" /index.php last; rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+)\.xml$" /feed.php?cat=$1 last;rewrite "^/feed-b([0-9]+)\.xml$" /feed.php?brand=$1 last;rewrite "^/feed\.xml$" /feed.php last; rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8 last;rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*)\.html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last;rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last;rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2 last;rewrite "^/category-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /category.php?id=$1 last; rewrite "^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html" /goods.php?id=$1 last; rewrite "^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$" /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;rewrite "^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2 last;rewrite "^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /article_cat.php?id=$1 last; rewrite "^/article-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /article.php?id=$1 last; rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)\.html" /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html" /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last;rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*)\.html" /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last;rewrite "^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html" /brand.php?id=$1 last; rewrite "^/tag-(.*)\.html" /search.php?keywords=$1 last;rewrite "^/snatch-([0-9]+)\.html$" /snatch.php?id=$1 last;rewrite "^/group_buy-([0-9]+)\.html$" /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last;rewrite "^/auction-([0-9]+)\.html$" /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last; rewrite "^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last;rewrite "^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$" /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last;rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$" /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;rewrite "^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last;rewrite "^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$" /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last;}-----------------------Nginx实例代码：server { listen 80;server_name www.ccvita.com ccvita.com;location / { index index.html index.htm index.php;root /www/www.ccvita.com;rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;}location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8694;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/www.ccvita.com$fastcgi_script_name;}location /www.ccvita.com-status { stub_status on;access_log off;}}经过网上查阅和测试，发现Nginx的Rewrite规则和Apache的Rewite规则差别不是很大，几乎可以直接使用。比如在Apache中这样写规则rewrite ^/([0-9]{5}).html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1 last;而在Nginx中写成这样写是无法启动的，解决的办法是加上两个双引号：rewrite “^/([0-9]{5}).html$” /viewthread.php?tid=$1 last;同时将RewriteRule为Rewrite，基本就实现了Nginx的Rewrite规则到Apache的Rewite规则的转换。--------------nginx虚拟主机配置实例1、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件末尾加入虚拟主机配置，实例如下：server{ listen 80;server_name http://www.hebaodans.com;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /wwwroot/www.hebaodans.com;location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?${ #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fcgi.conf;}#include rewite rule file or you can directly write hereinclude rewrite.conf;log_format hebaodanscom ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;access_log /logs/hebaodanscom.log hebaodanscom;}2、 vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/rewrite.conf 输入以下规则：location / { if (!-e $request_filename){ #————START —————WORLDPRESS————rewrite ^ /index.php last;#————END —————WORLDPRESS————#————————zen-cart start——————# From Ultimate SEO URLsrewrite "^(.*)-p-(.*).html" /index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=$2&% last;rewrite "^(.*)-c-(.*).html" /index.php?main_page=index&cPath=$2&% last;rewrite "^(.*)-m-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=index&manufacturers_id=$2&% last;rewrite "^(.*)-pi-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=popup_image&pID=$2&% last;rewrite "^(.*)-pr-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=product_reviews&products_id=$2&% last;rewrite "^(.*)-pri-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=product_reviews_info&products_id=$2&% last;# For Open Operations Info Managerrewrite "^(.*)-i-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=info_manager&pages_id=$2&% last;# For dreamscape’s News & Articles Managerrewrite "^news/?" /index.php?main_page=news&% last;rewrite "^news/rss.xml" /index.php?main_page=news_rss&% last;rewrite "^news/archive/?" /index.php?main_page=news_archive&% last;rewrite "^news/([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2}).html" /index.php?main_page=news&date=$1-$2-$3&% last;rewrite "^news/archive/([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2}).html" /index.php?main_page=news_archive&date=$1-$2&% last;rewrite "^news/(.*)-a-([0-9]+)-comments.html" /index.php?main_page=news_comments&article_id=$2&% last;rewrite "^news/(.*)-a-([0-9]+).html" /index.php?main_page=news_article&article_id=$2&% last;# All other pages# Don’t rewrite real files or directories#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f [NC]#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-drewrite "^(.*).html" /index.php?main_page=$1&% last;#—————————-zen-cart end—————–}}保存后，运行 kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid` 平滑重启即可生效。
nginx的rewrite格式是：rewrite regex replacement flag
作用域：server,location,if
其中regex是一个正则表达式，用来匹配当前的url的
replacement 是被替换的url，如果请求url匹配regex，则nginx会将此次请求发送到replacement上
其中flag标记有四种格式：last 停止处理后续rewrite指令集，然后对当前重写的新URI在rewrite指令集上重新查找。break 停止处理后续rewrite指令集，并不在重新查找。redirect 如果replacement不是以http:// 或https://开始，返回302临时重定向permant 返回301永久重定向
示例：
rewrite ^/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$ /index.php?r=$1/$2 last;
这条规则其实是将所有http://host/index.php?r=xxx/yyy这样的url都重写成http://host/xxx/yyy
如果正则表达regex式中包含 “}” 或 “;”, 那么整个表达式需要用双引号或单引号包围
补充：
nginx中的一些全局变量
$args #这个变量等于请求行中的参数。
$content_length #请求头中的Content-length字段。$content_type #请求头中的Content-Type字段。$document_root #当前请求在root指令中指定的值。$host #请求主机头字段，否则为服务器名称。$http_user_agent #客户端agent信息$http_cookie #客户端cookie信息$limit_rate #这个变量可以限制连接速率。$request_body_file #客户端请求主体信息的临时文件名。$request_method #客户端请求的动作，通常为GET或POST。$remote_addr #客户端的IP地址。$remote_port #客户端的端口。$remote_user #已经经过Auth Basic Module验证的用户名。$request_filename #当前请求的文件路径，由root或alias指令与URI请求生成。$query_string #与$args相同。$scheme #HTTP方法（如http，https）。$server_protocol #请求使用的协议，通常是HTTP/1.0或HTTP/1.1。$server_addr #服务器地址，在完成一次系统调用后可以确定这个值。$server_name #服务器名称。$server_port #请求到达服务器的端口号。$request_uri #包含请求参数的原始URI，不包含主机名，如：”/foo/bar.php?arg=baz”。$uri #不带请求参数的当前URI，$uri不包含主机名，如”/foo/bar.html”。$document_uri #与$uri相同
rewrite中的if指令：
if(condition){...}
作用域：server,locationif条件(conditon)可以是如下任何内容:一个变量名；false如果这个变量是空字符串或者以0开始的字符串；
使用= ,!= 比较的一个变量和字符串
是用~， ~*与正则表达式匹配的变量，如果这个正则表达式中包含}，;则整个表达式需要用" 或' 包围
使用-f ，!-f 检查一个文件是否存在
使用-d, !-d 检查一个目录是否存在
使用-e ，!-e 检查一个文件、目录、符号链接是否存在
使用-x ， !-x 检查一个文件是否可执行
if (!-f $request_filename){#当请求文件不存在时跳转到index.php
rewrite (.*) /index.php;}
rewrite_log指令
语法：rewrite_log on|off;默认值：rewrite_log off;作用域：http,server,location,if开启或关闭以notice级别打印rewrite处理日志到error log文件。
set指令
语法：set variable value;默认值：none作用域：server,location,if定义一个变量并赋值，值可以是文本，变量或者文本变量混合体。
uninitialized_variable_warn指令
语法：uninitialized_variable_warn on | off;默认值：uninitialized_variable_warn on作用域：http,server,location,if控制是否输出为初始化的变量到日志
在写规则是还要注意规则的使用范围，在nginx配置文件中
location / { root /home/data/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$ /index.php?r=$1/$2 last; } location /doc {#url包含doc root /usr/share; autoindex on; } #error_page 404 /404.html; location ~ \.php$ {#所有以php结尾的请求
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